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In AVR mode (think automatic mode), the operator establishes generator voltage setpoint and the power system stabilizer (PSS) can be turned on. The modes of operation for this excitation controller are Auto Voltage Regulation (AVR), Field Current Regulation (FCR), and Base-Field Current Regulation. The Ovation Digital Excitation Controller Module has 4 Analog Output circuits-1 Controller output for firing demand (4-20 mA) 1 Spare output (4-20 mA) 2 Diagnostic output circuits (+/-10 V), 2 Digital Output circuits, 6 Two three-phase Potential Transformer (PT) inputs, 4 Analog Input circuits (4-20 mA)-3 field current inputs 1 field voltage input, 3 Current Transformer (CT) input circuits, 2 Digital Input channels (spare), and 1 External +/- 10V test input circuit. Exciter control uses over-excitation and under-excitation limits to avoid the physical limits of the generator. The generator output is limited by rotor winding limits, stator winding limits. Matt described capability curves and over excitation. Two types of exciters are rotating (brush or brushless) and static.
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It is the power source that supplies the dc magnetizing current to the field windings of a synchronous generator. The exciter is the backbone of the generator control system. The magnitude of the voltage produced by the generator is a function of the number of loops of conductor in the armature windings, the speed of rotation, and the strength of the magnetic field produced by DC current that is controlled by the automatic voltage regulator (AVR). Three things are necessary to generate electricity: current carrying conductors in the generator armature windings, a magnetic field created by DC current supplied to the field windings, and relative motion between the conductor and magnetic field provided by a rotating turbine and shaft. Matt opened describing the fundamentals of generator excitation. Emerson’s Matt Musko shared the basics and installation best practices for generator excitation controls at the 2019 Ovation Users’ Group conference.